Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part C (2019)

Introduction and Background: One of the leading causes of death and disability among trauma patients globally is blunt trauma to the abdomen (BTA). Most often, people are hurt in attacks, falls, and car accidents. Early risk stratification and better management methods can be achieved by identifying the factors linked with mortality and morbidity. The primary objective of this research is to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on BTA patient survival and problems.

Materials and Methods: A tertiary care hospital served as the site of this prospective observational study's one-year run. This study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Madha Medical College, & Research Institute, Kundrathur Road, Kovur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from February 2018 to January 2019. Patients must be 18 years old or older and have a verified BTA in order to be included. Patients with perforating injuries or those who did not survive upon arrival will not be included. The following information was gathered: patient demographics, injury mechanism, hemodynamic status, other injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale score, Injury Severity Score, time to intervention, and postoperative sequelae.

Results: The research comprised 120 individuals who had suffered abdominal severe trauma. The participants' average age was 34.6±12.3 years, and there were 3.5 times as many males as females. Accidents involving motor vehicles (72% of all injuries), falls (18%), and assaults (10%) trailed closely behind. Out of the total number of problems, 40% were related to wound infections, 10% to sepsis, 8% to respiratory failure, 5% to acute renal injury, and 5% to reoperation. Improving patient outcomes requires prompt surgical intervention, close postoperative monitoring, and early resuscitation, as shown by these results.

Conclusion: Mortality and morbidity caused by BTA are still high, with the most important factors contributing to bad outcomes being shock at admission, low GCS, high ISS, and delayed management. Improving survival rates and reducing complications requires early resuscitation, prompt surgical intervention, and rigorous postoperative monitoring.