Vol. 9, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Background: Duodenal ulcer perforation is a life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease, characterized by the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and requiring urgent surgical intervention. Its incidence is influenced by several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including Helicobacter pylori infection, prolonged NSAID use, smoking, and socioeconomic conditions. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with duodenal ulcer perforation.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh, from January to December 2010. A total of 95 diagnosed cases of duodenal ulcer perforation were purposively enrolled. The diagnosis was confirmed based on the patient's history and clinical findings. Data were analyzed using MS Office tools.

Results: This study revealed that duodenal ulcer perforations were predominantly observed in males (94.74%), with the highest occurrence in the fourth decade of life (31.58%). Cases were less frequent in individuals under 18 and over 60 years. Perforations were most common in individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds (77.89%), primarily farmers (48.42%) and day laborers (29.47%). A strong association with smoking was identified, with 82.11% of cases being smokers, most consuming fewer than 20 cigarettes daily. The underprivileged adult males (aged 31–60), smokers, and individuals with low socioeconomic status were the most affected.

Conclusion: Age, sex, occupation, socio-economic status, and smoking habits may significantly contribute as risk factors for duodenal ulcer perforation in our country. However, a comprehensive nationwide study is essential to uncover the complete truth in this area.