Vol. 9, Issue 2, Part A (2025)

Among different surgical methods, there has been limited investigation into the comparative effectiveness of Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) versus Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM). Consequently, this study was designed to compare these two treatment approaches for patients with primary breast carcinoma receiving care at a tertiary hospital. The study was a hospital-based prospective comparative study and was conducted at the Department of Surgery in Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, from April 2019 to April 2021. Patients with diagnosed breast cancer disease in stages I & II (diameter up to 5 cm, N0 or N1, M0) were approached for inclusion in the study by purposive sampling. Written informed consent was taken from the subject and ethical issues were ensured properly. Moreover, the study participants were subdivided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A consisted of the patients who had undergone BCS and Group B consisted of the patients who had undergone MRM. A total of 30 patients in each group were included and interviewed. The researcher conducted the interview and data collection was done by using a structured questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS 20. The mean age of the study populations was 44.12±8.75 SD (years). Sociodemographic profiles are similar across the group (p>0.05). Most of the study patients had T₂N₁ stage of breast carcinoma (31.67%) followed by T₁N₀ (28.33%), T₂N₀ (20%), and T₁N₁ (20%) with no statistical difference between the two groups (p-value 0.990). There was a significantly longer duration of surgery (88.73±11.76 min) in patients who had undergone MRM compared to BCS (60±7.61 min) (p<0.05). Length of postoperative hospital stay was also higher among MRM patients compared to BCS (13.67±2.99 vs 8.80±1.22, p-value <0.001). Four patients (13.33%) from group B had developed postoperative complications (two superficial wound site infections, one flap necrosis, and one seroma formation) whereas no patients from group A had developed any post-operative complication without any statistical significance (p-value 0.612). No patients from any group had developed local recurrence within two years of follow-up. BCS is superior to MRM in primary breast carcinoma patients in terms of postoperative outcomes and complications. However, a further clinical trial is recommended.