Vol. 9, Issue 3, Part A (2025)

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, with significant morbidity due to hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crises. Cholelithiasis, a frequent complication in SCD patients due to chronic hemolysis, often necessitates cholecystectomy. Traditionally, surgery is performed after the onset of symptoms; however, recent evidence supports prophylactic cholecystectomy to prevent severe complications. This study presents our first experience with prophylactic laparoscopic cholecystectomy in sickle cell patients in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary care center in Lubumbashi. SCD patients with asymptomatic gallstones identified through routine ultrasound screening were selected. Preoperative optimization included hydration, transfusion protocols, and perioperative care to reduce the risk of sickling. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed under general anesthesia by experienced surgeons. Postoperative outcomes, complications, and recovery time were assessed. Results: A total of six SCD patients (mean age 21.3 ± 5.4 years) underwent prophylactic laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No intraoperative complications were observed. The average operative time was 65 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 3.2 days. One patient experienced a mild vaso-occlusive crisis postoperatively, managed conservatively. All patients showed favorable recovery with no readmissions within 30 days. Conclusion: Our initial experience demonstrates that prophylactic laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe option for sickle cell patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis in Lubumbashi. With appropriate perioperative management, this approach may help prevent severe gallstone-related complications and improve quality of life in SCD patients.