Vol. 9, Issue 3, Part B (2025)

Background: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening complication in burn patients, characterized by fever, hypotension, rash and multi-organ involvement. Despite advancements in burn care, early recognition and effective management of TSS remain challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the causative factors of TSS among burn patients and to evaluate the clinical management strategies and outcomes at Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal. Methods: An observational study was conducted on burn patients admitted to Kirtipur Hospital. Data were collected through clinical examination, patient records and laboratory investigations. Key variables included demographic characteristics, total body surface area (TBSA) involvement, post-operative graft take, infection patterns and clinical outcomes. Inferential statistics, including chi-square test, correlation analysis and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, were applied for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that higher TBSA burns were significantly associated with increased risk of TSS. The mean graft takes remained stable at 95% from the first dressing to the seventh day, with no statistically significant difference (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p>0.05). Clinical criteria for TSS were observed in a subset of patients, with Staphylococcus aureus identified as the predominant causative organism. Early diagnosis and prompt administration of antibiotics, along with fluid resuscitation and supportive care, contributed to favorable outcomes in most cases. Over a two-year period (2023-2024), all patients (100%) diagnosed with TSS succumbed to the condition, underscoring the fatal nature of the syndrome when not identified and treated promptly. Conclusion: TSS in burn patients poses a major clinical challenge, requiring rapid recognition and aggressive management. The findings highlight the importance of routine monitoring, strict infection control practices and timely interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Further multicentric studies are recommended to strengthen evidence-based guidelines for TSS management in burn care settings.