Vol. 9, Issue 4, Part B (2025)

In spite of the fact that lung cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases, with an increasing incidence as well as the continued occurrence of morbidity and death, our clinical practice needs to take into account a wide range of factors when determining the most appropriate treatment option for patients.
The advanced stage of lung cancer is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, and it has already spread to other parts of the body, including distant and regional locations. This is especially true in developing nations like Indonesia.
In addition to the fact that surgery is a curative option for these cancers, the advanced stage has a limited reaction whenever we perform a surgical procedure; there are still many opportunities for the tumour to spread and metastasise.
When it comes to these advanced instances, our current perspective is that chemotherapy and radiotherapy have already been announced for several years with unfavourable clinical outcomes, regardless of whether the follow-up is for a short period of time or for a longer period of time.